1860–1864 Indian Head Copper-Nickel Cents – What Every Collector Should Know

Indian Head Cent History and Significance

Indian Head Cent, one of the most good-looking and famous coins inside the history of America, was first released in 1859 by using Chief Engraver James B. Longacre of the US Mint.

Why the Flying Eagle Cent Changed

The Indian Head Cent was accompanied by the Flying Eagle Cent, which had a completely short run of 3 years (consisting of the 1856 sample). But the Flying Eagle design featured excessive reliefs, which brought on difficulties in minting the coin. This led Longacre to layout a new one.

He designed the Indian Head and Flying Eagle designs in 1858, of which the Indian Head was the first selected. The design depicts a woman wearing the traditional feathered headgear of an Indian chief. It was deemed to symbolize Liberty and was selected to signify the ‘original’ image of America’s character during the period.

Role of Indian Head Cent during Civil War

It was modified in 1860 when the reverse design was altered. There was a laurel wreath where previously there was one; an oak wreath and a Union Shield small enough to be shown on the coins were also included. Why they decided to do this is unknown, but it is thought it represented coming together in the atmosphere of the civil war.

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By the end of 1860, so many Indian Head and Flying Eagle cents had been made that people were paying a large amount with them, which caused problems for the merchants. But as soon as the civil war intensified in 1862, people started collecting copper, silver and gold coins. Due to this, the demand for Indian Head Cent increased rapidly.

The production of the coins in 1861 nearly tripled in 1862 and in 1863 nearly doubled. Still, folks continued collecting them. Folks began paying extra above price for these pennies. There are instances of paying up to 4% above price for a penny in Massachusetts and New York.

1864: Big Change in Composition

In 1864, the Indian Head Cent’s metal content was modified from copper-nickel to bronze. Before that, the coins were composed of copper-nickel. This modification made the coins more available and reduced their tendency to be collected.

Indian Head Cent Varieties and Prices

Thousands of Copper-nickel Indian Head Cents are certified today. Some of them are also Prooflike quality. Most of the coins come at regular prices but if they are in great condition (Premium Gem), then their price is quite high.

The ‘Pointed Bust’ type of 1860 is special and its Mint State price is greater than other coins.

The supply of Proof Coins (special coins) is lower, and their value also becomes extremely high in Uncirculated or Gem grade. Proofs from 1861 are typically more expensive than other dates, particularly in gem quality.

Indian Head Cent Design

Obverse:

Liberty is shown facing to the left, with a Indian war bonnet with feathers on. The headband is inscribed with “LIBERTY” and she also wears a pearl necklace. It has around it the following words: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and beneath is the year (date).

Reverse:

The reverse is a stunning wreath adorned with oak leaves and a Union Shield in the center. It has three arrows under the wreath tied together with a ribbon. The coin is full of symbolism and depth.

Edge:

The coin has a smooth and plain edge, i.e., it has no markings or lines.

Well-known variety: 1860 Pointed Bust

There are just a handful of Copper-nickel Indian Head Cents types. The most unique and sought-after among these is the “1860 Pointed Bust” wherein the edge of Liberty’s attire appears slightly pointed rather than the typical round. Both demand and value are high for this type.

Coin Specifications

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Conclusion

Indian Head Cent is not only a coin, but it’s a glimpse into America’s history and culture. It is a representation of the economic, political and social condition of those days. Even now, this coin is extremely special for the collectors—either due to its beauty or due to its history. If you have one such coin, then its value in good condition can reach lakhs.

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